Nuclear power provides 12% of the world's electricity and 20% of the electricity
consumed in the US. There are over 100 nuclear power reactors operating around
the US. Some states generate the majority of their electricity from nuclear power.
Nuclear energy is environment-friendly since it does not emit greenhouse gases. In addition, it is a stable and economical resource. The cost of electricity production by means of nuclear power became over the years lower than production by many other available resources, such as coal and natural gas.
Nuclear plants generate electricity by boiling water into steam; the steam then turns turbines which activate an electricity generator. Nuclear plants differ from other fossil-fueled power plants in what serves as a heat source to turn water into steam. Nuclear plants do not burn fuel: instead, they use a process called "fission". During the fission process, an atom (in this case, uranium) splits into smaller parts releasing neutrons from its nucleus. These neutrons hit other atoms and cause them to split as well- thus, creating a self-sustaining chain reaction which releases an enormous amount of heat.
Currently, there are two types of nuclear reactors in the US: pressurized water
reactor (PWR) and boiling water reactor (BWR). The PWR maintains water under pressure so that it heats, but prevents it from boiling. The heated water is pumped through a steam generator, where it transfers thermal energy to a secondary system where steam is generated and flows to turbines which, in turn, spin an electric generator that produces electricity. The water from the reactor and the water that is turned into steam are in separate systems and do not mix. In the BWR, the water flows upward through the core, where it is heated by fission and allowed to boil in the reactor vessel. The water then turns into steam which is carried by pipes to spin the turbine, which drives the generator to produce electricity. In PWRs and BWRs, the steam is turned back into water for reuse. In addition, the water serves both as a coolant and as a moderator, to slow neutrons.
Despite the elegancy and evident efficiency of the nuclear method, many wonder why we need it when we can harness renewable energy sources like the wind and the sun. The answer, others may argue, is that nuclear power is able to reliably supply a substantial amount of electricity in every hour of every day of the year, hence, it is an important resource for meeting the ever-increasing demand for electricity.
What portion of the US' electricity consumption is provided by nuclear power?